RESUMO A fitorremediação é uma técnica que utiliza plantas, associada ou não com amenizantes de solo para descontaminar áreas contaminadas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o uso de turfa e Erythrina crista-galli na fitorremediação de solo contaminado com cobre. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação por 120 dias, utilizando o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com seis repetições, em arranjo fatorial (2 x 6): com ausência e presença de turfa (200 mL L-1 de solo) e seis doses de cobre no solo (0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 mg kg-1).Os parâmetros avaliados foram: altura das mudas, diâmetro do colo, massa seca radicular e aérea, teores e quantidade acumulada de cobre no sistema radicular e parte aérea, índices de qualidade de Dickson, de tolerância e de translocação. Os resultados evidenciaram que a adição de turfa estimulou o crescimento das mudas de Erythrina crista-galli, porém não agiu como amenizante da contaminação do solo com o cobre. A Erythrina crista-galli apresentou baixo potencial fitoextrator de cobre.

ABSTRACT Phytoremediation is a technique that uses plants, associated or not with soil alleviation for the recovery of contaminated areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of peat and Erythrina crista-galli in the phytoremediation of soil contaminated with copper. The work was conducted in a greenhouse for 120 days using a completely randomized design with six replications in a factorial arrangement (2 x 6): with absence and presence of peat (200 mL L-1 soil) and six doses the copper (0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 mg kg-1). The parameters evaluated were: seedling height, the stem diameter, root and shoot dry weight, the levels and the cumulative amount of copper in the root system and aerial part, the quality indices of Dickson, tolerance and translocation. The results showed that the addition of peat stimulated the growth of Erythrina crista-galli seedlings but did not act as a mitigation of soil contamination with copper. Erythrina crista-galli showed low copper phytoextraction potential.

Abstract This study aims to evaluate the effect of substrates and container content on growth and quality of Peltophorum dubium seedlings. The design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement (2 × 9), with two containers sizes (125 cm3 and 280 cm3) and nine substrates formulated from the mixture of subsoil (S), vermicompost (V) and commercial substrate (CS), in the following proportions (v:v): S100, V100, CS100, S75 + V25, S50 + V50, S25 + V75, CS75 + V25, CS50 + V50 and CS25 + V75, with nine replicates. We assessed seedling height, stem diameter, root and shoot dry matter, height/shoot dry matter ratio; Dickson quality index; and percentages of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in the shoot. The use of the 125 cm3 dibble tube containing 100% vermicompost allowed for higher quality of Peltophorum dubium seedlings.

Abstract In producing forest seedlings, the use of residues may be an option to improve seedling quality. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the initial growth and quality of Toona ciliata seedlings on different substrates. The experimental design was completely randomized with seven treatments consisting of commercial substrate (CS), vermicompost (VC), urban waste compost (UWC) and mixtures in proportions of 50% (CS + VC, CS + UWC and VC + UWC) and 33% (CS + UWC + VC), with twelve replications. The use of substrates composed of organic residues 120 days after sowing shows potential for producing Toona ciliata seedlings. The combination of substrate components provides higher seed growth and quality than unmixed substrates. Compositions of 50% UWC or 50% VC + 50% CS are efficient in growth and seed quality.

Abstract Copper damages plants when present in high concentrations in the soil. This study assessed the growth and tolerance of Eucalyptus grandis, E. saligna, E. dunnii, and Corymbia citriodora seedlings in soil contaminated by copper. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme (4 × 6), with four eucalyptus species and six copper doses (0, 80, 160, 240, 320, 400 mg kg-1) with eight replications. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse for 120 days. The height, stem diameter, root dry mass and shoot dry mass, root specific surface area, Dickson quality index, and tolerance index were assessed. The results showed that the morphological parameters of the studied eucalyptus species were reduced by the copper doses added in the soil. However, the Corymbia citriodora and the Eucalyptus saligna species had a higher tolerance index to the metal.

ABSTRACT: Chemical and physical properties of soil can be altered with the successive application of liquid swine manure (LSM), also known as slurry. Therefore, monitoring the impact of LSM is essential to an assessment of the potential agronomic and environmental benefits and risks associated with management practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of LSM on the chemical and physical attributes of soil under pasture (Cynodon spp.), located in southern Brazil. Four areas were sampled: three areas cultivated with Cynodon spp. pasture with successive applications of 200 m3 ha–1 y–1 of LSM for three, eight and 15 years; and untreated native forest as a reference. The soil attributes evaluated were: organic carbon (OC), active (pH water) and potential acidity (H + Al+ 3), nutrient availability (i.e., P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu and Zn), soil bulk density, macro, micro and total porosity. Successive applications of LSM on pasture reduced soil active acidity, and increased the soil organic C and plant-available N, P, Ca, Mg, Cu and Zn contents. These effects were more intense with time and in the shallowest layers, i.e. 0-10 cm. Excessive increases in P, Cu and Zn in the soil should be carefully monitored to minimize the contamination risks to soil, ground and surface waters. Soil physical attribute changes were more associated with land use (pasture versus native forest) than LSM use, and LSM applications induced slight improvements in the soil structural quality over time.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to determine the efficiency of poultry litter ratios added to the commercial substrate and to peat in the growth and quality of Enterolobium contortisiliquum seedlings. The design was completely randomized, with 10 replications, in a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement with two substrates (peat and commercial substrate) and five poultry litter ratios, added (v:v) to both substrates (0, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). The height, stem diameter, dry matter of shoot and roots, root specific surface area, Dickson quality index and NPK accumulated in dry matter of shoot and roots were evaluated. Poultry litter can be added up to a 35% ratio to the commercial substrate or to peat for the production of Enterolobium contortisiliquum seedlings; proportions above this, for both substrates, compromise the production. The treatments with peat provided lower growth and quality of Enterolobium contortisiliquum seedlings, compared to the commercial substrate.

RESUMO O zinco é um elemento essencial às plantas, mas quando presente em altas concentrações no solo pode se tornar tóxico ao metabolismo vegetal. O trabalho objetivou determinar o crescimento e tolerância de mudas de Enterolobium contortisiliquum Vell. cultivadas em solo contaminado com zinco. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em solo com 81% de argila, no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com sete tratamentos, constituídos de doses de zinco (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 e 600 mg kg-1) e oito repetições. Avaliou-se a altura de planta, diâmetro de colo, massa seca aérea, massa seca radicular, comprimento da raiz principal, área superficial específica, teor de Zn na parte aérea e radicular, coeficiente do impacto do teor relativo de zinco, índice de translocação e de tolerância. O coeficiente do impacto do teor relativo de zinco indicou tendência de menor translocação de Zn à parte aérea da muda até a dose de 300 mg de Zn kg-1 de solo. Os resultados evidenciaram que doses próximas a 200 mg de zinco kg-1 de solo argiloso estimulam a altura de planta, diâmetro do colo, a massa seca aérea e radicular das mudas de timbaúva. A timbaúva apresenta elevada tolerância ao zinco e por ser uma arbórea nativa adaptada às condições ambientais do Brasil pode ser indicada para revegetação de áreas contaminadas com a aplicação de até 600 mg de zinco kg-1 de solo argiloso.

ABSTRACT Zinc is an essential element to plants, but when present in high concentrations in the soil can become toxic to the plant metabolism. The study aimed to determine the growth and tolerance of Enterolobium contortisiliquum Vell. seedlings cultived in soil contaminated with zinc. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in soil with 81% clay, in a completely randomized design with seven treatments, doses of zinc (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 mg kg-1) eight repetitions. We evaluated the plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, length of the main root, specific surface area, Zn content in shoots and roots, the impact coefficient of relative zinc content, translocation and tolerance. The coefficient of impact of the relative zinc content indicated a trend of lower translocation of Zn to the aerial part of the molt up to the dose of 300 mg of Zn kg-1 of soil. The results showed that doses close to 200 mg Zinc kg-1 clay soil stimulate plant height, stem diameter, stem and root dry mass of seedlings and timbaúva. Timbaúva presents high tolerance to zinc and because it is a native tree adapted to Brazilian environmental conditions it can be indicated for revegetation of contaminated areas with the application of up to 600 mg of zinc kg-1 of clay soil.

RESUMO A restrição nutricional e a ocorrência de geadas no sul do Brasil frequentemente afetam o crescimento de cultivos florestais. Com o objetivo de quantificar o crescimento inicial e a resistência à geada das plantas de Toona ciliata em cultivos consorciados com Eucalyptus grandis, com diferentes adubações, foi conduzido um experimento na UFSM, campus de Frederico Westphalen. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com três repetições, no arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 x 3: duas espécies florestais (Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden e Toona ciliata M. Roem var. australis), dois tipos de cultivos (solteiro e consorciado) e três tipos de adubação (NPK, NPK + Si e NP de liberação lenta + K + bioestimulante). O crescimento em altura das plantas foi mensurado em datas diferenciadas até 346 dias após o plantio. No final deste período foi quantificado o diâmetro a altura do peito e a massa seca da parte aérea. A avaliação do nível de danos às plantas e o grau de resistência à geada foi feito com atribuição de notas com base nas plantas inteiras e nas copas das plantas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e, quando significativa (p ≤ 0,05), procedeu-se a comparação das médias dos tratamentos pelo teste de Tukey (p ≤ 0,05). As duas espécies florestais foram tolerantes à geada, mas com maior dano na área foliar nas plantas de Toona ciliata em relação a Eucalyptus grandis. O cultivo de Toona ciliata sob proteção de Eucalyptus grandis não diminuiu os danos da geada no primeiro ano de implantação no campo. O uso de fertilizante de liberação lenta, de Si e de bioestimulante não contribuíram para aumentar o crescimento e a resistência à geada das plantas das duas espécies florestais.

ABSTRACT Nutritional restriction and the occurrence of frost in southern Brazil often affects the growth of forest stands. In order to quantify the initial growth and resistance to frost of Toonna ciliata plants, in crops intercropped with Eucalyptus grandis in different fertilization, an experiment was conducted at UFSM, campus Frederico Westphalen, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications, in factorial 2 x 2 x 3: two forest species (Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden and Toona ciliata M. Roem var. australis), two types of stands (single and intercropped) and three types of fertilizer (NPK, NPK + Si and NP slow-release + K + biostimulant). The growth of plant height was measured at different dates, up to 346 days after planting. At the end of this period, it was quantified the diameter at breast height and dry mass of shoots. The assesment of the level of damage to the plants and the degree of resistance to frost was with grading based on the entire plant and tree canopy. The data were submitted to variance analysis and when significant (p ≤ 0.05), we proceeded to compare the treatment by means of Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05). The two forest species were tolerant to frost, but with greater damage to the leaf area in plants Toona ciliata against the Eucalyptus grandis. The cultivation Toona ciliata under protection the Eucalyptus grandis has not diminished the damage to frost in the first year of field deployment. The use of slow-release fertilizer, Si and biostimulant did not contribute to increasing growth and resistance to frost the plants of the two forest species.

RESUMO O cobre é um micronutriente essencial às plantas, contudo, em alta concentração no solo pode causar efeito tóxico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a influência da inoculação de Pisolithus microcarpus no crescimento de mudas de Eucalyptus saligna produzidas em solo contaminado com cobre. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial (4 x 2), quatro doses de cobre aplicadas ao solo (zero: teor natural do solo, 150, 300 e 450 mg kg-1), com e sem inoculação de fungo ectomicorrízico, com cinco repetições. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: altura de planta, diâmetro do colo, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca radicular, comprimento da raiz principal, percentagem de colonização e os índices de qualidade de mudas: relação entre a altura de plantas e diâmetro do colo e o índice de qualidade de Dickson. A adição de até 118 mg kg-1 de cobre aumenta a massa seca radicular das mudas de Eucalyptus saligna produzidas em Latossolo com 81% de argila. A inoculação com o fungo ectomicorrízico Pisolithus microcarpus proporciona maior altura e massa seca da parte aérea das mudas de Eucalyptus saligna em doses elevadas de cobre no solo. Isto demonstra possibilidade de utilização deste fungo no reflorestamento de Eucalyptus saligna em áreas contaminadas com cobre.

ABSTRACT Copper is an essential micronutrient to plants. However, in high concentrations in the soil it can cause toxic effects. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of inoculation with Pisolithus microcarpus on the growth of Eucalyptus saligna seedlings grown in soil contaminated with copper. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement (4 x 2) four copper doses applied to the soil (zero: natural soil content, 150, 300 and 450 mg kg-1) and with and without fungi inoculation ectomycorrhizal, with five repetitions. The evaluated parameters were plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, main root length, percentage of root colonization and quality indices of seedlings: relationship between plant height and stem diameter and Dickson quality index. The addition of 118 mg kg-1 of copper increased root dry mass of seedlings of Eucalyptus saligna produced in Oxisol with 81% of clay. The inoculation with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus microcarpus provides greater height and dry mass of shoots of seedlings of Eucalyptus saligna in high doses of copper in the soil. This demonstrates the possibility of using the fungus Pisolithus microcarpus in the reforestation with Eucalyptus saligna in areas contaminated with copper.

RESUMO A associação ectomicorrízica beneficia as plantas ao proporcionar aumento na área de absorção radicular obtendo mais nutrientes e água, podendo possibilitar o crescimento do hospedeiro em solos submetido a condições adversas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes isolados ectomicorrízicos no crescimento das mudas de Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maid., Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson, Eucalyptus saligna Sm. e Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial (4 x 4), sendo quatro espécies de eucalipto (Eucalyptus grandis, Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus saligna e Eucalyptus dunnii) e quatro inóculos ectomicorrízicos (UFSC-Pt116 (Pisolithus microcarpus (Cooke & Massee) Cunn), UFSC-132 (Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch), UFSC-121, e sem inoculação), com 12 repetições. Após noventa dias de condução do experimento foram avaliados: percentual de colonização ectomicorrízica, altura de planta; diâmetro do colo; número de folhas; massa seca da parte aérea e radicular. Também foram calculadas as relações: massa seca aérea/massa seca radicular, altura/diâmetro do colo e o índice de qualidade de Dickson. A altura de planta, número de folhas e a massa seca aérea apresentaram médias superiores nas espécies Eucalyptus dunnii e Corymbia citriodora, quando na inoculação com UFSC-132. A inoculação com UFSC-Pt116 resultou em 63,3% de raízes colonizadas em Corymbia citriodora, enquanto Eucalyptus dunnii inoculado com UFSC-121 teve 67,7% de suas raízes colonizadas. O isolado UFSC-132 proporciona maior crescimento de mudas de Eucalyptus dunnii e Corymbia citriodora em relação à testemunha sem inoculação.

ABSTRACT The ectomycorrhizal association benefit plants by providing an increase in the area of root absorption and getting more nutrients and water as well as may enable growth of the host soils subjected to adverse conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different ectomycorrhizal isolates on seedling growth of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maid., Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K. D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson, Eucalyptus saligna Sm. and Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden. The design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement (4 x 4), four species of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis, Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus saligna and Eucalyptus dunnii) and four ectomycorrhizal inoculum (UFSC - Pt116 (Pisolithus microcarpus (Cooke & Massee) Cunn), UFSC -132 (Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch), UFSC -121, and without inoculation) with 12 repetitions. After ninety days of conducting the experiment were evaluated: the percentage of ectomycorrhizal colonization, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, dry weight of root and shoot. Relationships were also calculated: dry aerial/root dry mass, height/diameter and Dickson quality index. The plant height, leaf number and shoot dry mass showed higher average in the species Eucalyptus dunnii and Corymbia citriodora, when the inoculation with UFSC -132. Inoculation with UFSC-Pt116 resulted in 63,3 % of colonized roots in Corymbia citriodora, while Eucalyptus dunnii inoculated with UFSC-121 had 67,7 % of its colonized roots. The isolated UFSC-132 provides enhanced growth of seedlings of Eucalyptus dunnii and Corymbia citriodora compared to the control without inoculation.

RESUMO A forma de distribuição do fósforo (P) no solo interfere na disponibilidade do nutriente e pode afetar o crescimento das plantas. O objetivo do trabalho foi comparar o crescimento e a acumulação de P nas plantas de milho, soja e girassol em gradientes verticais do nutriente no solo com e sem estresse hídrico. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições, no esquema fatorial 3 x 2: três gradientes de P em profundidade no solo (decrescente, crescente e nulo) e duas condições de disponibilidade de água no solo (sem e com estresse hídrico). Os gradientes de P em profundidade foram doses decrescentes de P2O5 (300; 200; 100 e 0 mg dm-3); doses crescentes (0; 100; 200 e 300 mg dm-3) e doses iguais (150 mg dm-3), aplicadas nas camadas intermediárias entre 0,0-5,0; 5,1-10,0; 10,1-15,0 e 15,1-20,0 cm. Foi quantificada a altura, a massa seca e o acúmulo de P na parte aérea e nas raízes das plantas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise da variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p < 0,05). A forma de distribuição do P no solo não interferiu no crescimento e no acúmulo do nutriente na soja. A localização da adubação fosfatada na camada superficial ou em subsuperfície favoreceu maior crescimento e P acumulado no milho e girassol em comparação com a distribuição uniforme do nutriente na camada de 0-20 cm. O aumento da adubação fosfatada em profundidade não aumentou o crescimento e o acúmulo de P nas três culturas, mesmo em condições de estresse hídrico.

ABSTRACT The distribution of phosphorus (P) in the soil interferes with the availability of the nutrient and can affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to compare the growth and accumulation of P in maize, soybean and sunflower plants in vertical gradients of the nutrient in the soil, with and without water stress. The design was completely randomised with five replications, in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme: three soil depth gradients of P (decreasing, increasing and nil) and two conditions of soil water availability (with and with no water stress). The depth gradients of P were in decreasing doses of P2O5 (300, 200, 100 and 0 mg dm-3), increasing doses (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg dm-3) and equal doses (150 mg dm-3) applied to the intermediate layers between 0.0-5.0, 5.1-10.0, 10.1-15.0 and 15.1-20.0 cm. Height, dry weight and P accumulation in the roots and shoots were quantified. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, and mean values compared by Tukey's test (p<0.05). The distribution of P in the soil did not interfere with growth or nutrient accumulation in the soybean. Phosphate fertiliser located in the surface or subsurface layers favoured greater growth and the accumulation of P in the maize and sunflower, compared to the uniform distribution of the nutrient in the 0-20 cm layer. The increase in phosphate fertiliser at depth did not increase growth or P accumulation in the three crops, even under conditions of water stress.

RESUMO Milho e sorgo são as principais matérias primas na produção de silagem para consumo animal, merecendo destaque a adubação mineral, quando o objetivo for incrementar os ganhos em quantidade e qualidade forrageira. Objetivou-se avaliar a contribuição de doses de N, P ou K na produtividade de massa seca e proteína bruta de milho e sorgo para silagem. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, durante cinco cultivos sucessivos de milho (três safras de verão) e sorgo (duas safrinhas). Foram utilizadas cinco doses de N (0 kg ha-1, 50 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1, 150 kg ha-1 e 200 kg ha-1), cinco doses de P2O5 (0 kg ha-1, 40 kg ha-1, 80 kg ha-1, 120 kg ha-1 e 160 kg ha-1) e cinco doses de K2O (0 kg ha-1, 30 kg ha-1, 60 kg ha-1, 90 kg ha-1 e 120 kg ha-1), aplicadas em cada cultivo, na mesma área experimental. As doses de N contribuíram para o aumento da produtividade de proteína bruta nos cinco cultivos sucessivos de milho e sorgo, associado ao aumento de massa seca e/ou da concentração de proteína. O incremento de proteína bruta foi de 59,5-312,9 % para as duas culturas. Os solos utilizados no sistema de sucessão de milho e sorgo para silagem apresentaram níveis "muito altos" de P e K. Portanto, a adubação com P não teve efeito sobre a produção de matéria seca ou proteína bruta no primeiro ano de cultivo, assim como ocorreu para a adubação com K durante as cinco safras sucessivas.

ABSTRACT Maize and sorghum are the main raw materials in the production of silage for animal feed, with mineral fertilization being worthy of note when the goal is to increase gains in the amount and quality of the forage. This study aimed at evaluating the contribution of N, P or K doses to the dry matter and crude protein yield in maize and sorghum grown for silage. The experiments were carried out in a randomized block design, with four replications, during five successive crops of maize (three summer seasons) and sorghum (two off-season). Five doses of N (0 kg ha-1, 50 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1, 150 kg ha-1 and 200 kg ha-1), five doses of P2O5 (0 kg ha-1, 40 kg ha-1, 80 kg ha-1, 120 kg ha-1 and 160 kg ha-1) and five doses of K2O (0 kg ha-1, 30 kg ha-1, 60 kg ha-1, 90 kg ha-1 and 120 kg ha-1) were applied to each crop in the same experimental area. The N doses contributed to an increase in the crude protein yield in the five successive crops of maize and sorghum, together with an increase in dry matter and/or protein concentration. Crude protein increased 59.5-312.9 % for both crops. The soils used for the succession cropping system of maize and sorghum for silage had "very high" levels of P and K. Therefore, the P fertilization had no effect on the dry matter or crude protein yield in the first year of cultivation, similarly to the K fertilization during the five successive crop seasons.

RESUMO O objetivo do trabalho foi quantificar as perdas de nutrientes por lixiviação associadas ao uso de fertilizante mineral na produção de mudas de cedro australiano (Toona ciliata M. Roem var. australis) em diferentes substratos. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três repetições, com dois substratos (substrato comercial e composto de dejetos de suínos) e quatro doses de fertilizante mineral (0 kg; 3 kg; 6 kg e 9 kg m-3). No decorrer de 105 dias foram avaliadas as perdas de N, P e K por lixiviação e, no final desse período, quantificado o crescimento e a qualidade das mudas. O substrato comercial proporcionou menor perda de nutrientes por lixiviação e, quando associado ao fertilizante mineral, apresentou maior potencial de crescimento e de qualidade de mudas em comparação ao composto de dejetos de suínos.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to quantify nutrient losses by leaching in the production of Toona ciliata seedlings in different substrate associated with the use of mineral fertilizer. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with three replications, in factorial arrangement with two substrates (commercial substrate and swine manure compost) and four doses of mineral fertilizer (0; 3; 6 and 9 kg m-3). In the course of 105 days we evaluated losses of N, P and K by leaching and end of this period we quantified growth and quality of seedlings. The commercial substrate contributed with reduced loss of nutrients through leaching and when combined with mineral fertilizer showed higher growth potential and seedlings quality compared to the compound of swine manure.

RESUMO Este trabalho avaliou a utilização de turfa como amenizante e Eucalyptus grandis como técnica de fitoestabilização para remediar solo contaminado com cobre. O trabalho foi conduzido sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial (2 × 6), sendo sem e com adição de turfa (200 mL L-1 de solo) e seis doses de cobre adicionadas ao solo (0 mg kg-1, 60 mg kg-1, 120 mg kg-1, 180 mg kg-1, 240 mg kg-1, 300 mg kg-1 de solo), com seis repetições. Avaliaram-se a altura das mudas, o diâmetro do colo, a massa seca radicular e aérea, a área superficial específica, os teores e a quantidade acumulada de cobre no sistema radicular e na parte aérea e o índice de translocação. A adição de turfa possibilitou efeito amenizante da contaminação por cobre e favoreceu o crescimento das mudas. As mudas de Eucalyptus grandis apresentam elevado acúmulo de cobre nas raízes, o que permite indicá-la como promissora para fins de fitoestabilização de solos contaminados com cobre.

ABSTRACT This work aimed to use peat as ameliorating and Eucalyptus grandis for the phytostabilization technique for remediation of a contaminated soil with copper. The work was conducted under completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement (2 × 6), with and without addition of peat (200 mL L-1 of soil) and six doses of copper (0 (Zero), 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 mg kg-1 of soil), with six replications. Evaluations consisted of seedling height, stem diameter, shoots and roots dry weight, specific surface area, copper concentrations and accumulation in roots and shoots and translocation index. Peat addition showed an ameliorating effect on soil contaminated with copper and higher seedlings growth. Eucalyptus grandis seedlings showed higher copper accumulation in roots, and with characteristics may indicate this species for phytostabilization of soils contaminated with copper.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito da vermicompostagem de resíduos de carne e esterco bovino no desenvolvimento de mudas de eucalipto e pinus. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com oito tratamentos, sendo quatro elaborados a partir da adição de 0%, 20%, 40% e 60% de esterco bovino ao resíduo de carne, ambos vermicompostados, e quatro constituídos pela adição de 0%, 20%, 40% e 60% de vermicomposto ao substrato comercial, com sete repetições. Foram avaliados a altura das mudas, o diâmetro do colo, a massa seca da parte aérea e radicular, a área superficial específica, o índice de qualidade de Dickson e a relação entre a altura da muda e o diâmetro do colo. A adição ao substrato comercial de 20% e 40% de vermicomposto proporciona desenvolvimento e qualidade de mudas de eucalipto equivalentes ao alcançado com a utilização de 100% de substrato comercial. As mudas de pinus não são favorecidas pelas proporções de vermicomposto testadas.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of meat waste and cattle manure vermicomposting in the development of eucalyptus and Pinus seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with eight treatments with seven repetitions. The treatments were: 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% of cattle manure added to meat waste, both vermicomposted, and 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% of the vermicompost added to commercial substrate. Stem height and diameter, shoot and root dry mass, specific surface area, Dickson quality index and the ratio between stem height and diameter were assessed. Addition of 20% and 40% of vermicompost in eucalyptus seedling cultivation promotes similar development and quality obtained with addition of 100% of commercial substrate. Pinus seedlings are not influenced by the proportions of vermicompost tested.